Steam Boiler

Instrument air system in power plant is one of compressed air system. Instrument air system should be provided for control and instrument...

Electronic transmitter has similar part with pneumatic transmitter, electronic transmitters also consists of two main parts, namely detecto...

Transducers and sensors have close relationship each other. The definition of transducers and sensors is described as follow: -           ...

The transducer is a component that works to convert physical parameters into electrical signals that can be accepted by the signal processi...

Proportional controller is the control device that serves to strengthen error signal at desired level. In the proportional control, an outpu...

Integral controller is a controller which serves to eliminate oscillations in the error signal. The output of this controller will generate...

Proportional Integral Controller is a control device that serves to eliminate the position error in steady state (steady position error). Th...

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is a method that can be used to observe the morphology of a material with magnification that far exceeds...

Spectrophotometer Diagram can be described as follows: Figure 1: Spectrophotometer Diagram Description of spectrophotometer above: ...

Spectrophotometer is an instrument consisting of spectro photometer and photometer. Spectrophotometer produces rays from spectrum with wave...